Point of state combined Geodetic network of 0. (zero) order

On the top of Korada one of the Geodetic points of 0. order is located. A pillar on Korada represents the stabilisation of the state Geodetic point of the combined Geodetic network. This network contains six similar points, approximately equally spread around all the territory of the state. Distance between points is approximately 100 kilometres.

These points are found on Prilozje in Bela Krajina, Areh on Pohorje – Frajham, Kog in Prlekija (at seismic observatory of Slovenian environmental agency), Korada in Goriška Brda – Zapotok, Šentvid pri Stični in Dolenjska region and Koper at Primorska (on mareographic observatory of Slovenian environmental agency). The key for selecting these points was Geological adequacy of the location (i.d. the most distant points from any tectonic fault), local stability of terrain and the possibility of quality implementation of Geodetic measurements (open horizon, absence of electromagnetic radiation).

Geodetic networks in Slovenia are 1. order (most important points), 2. order and 3. order. Above listed points of combined network represent point of the best quality state Geodetic points, named state Geodetic network of 0. order.

This network connects and upgrades the, up to now, highest orders of Geodetic networks:

• terrestrial network; geodesists determine coordinate points in three-dimensional field, their geometrical location (coordinates X, Y, Z or coordinates on ellipsoid λ, ϕ, h)
• leveling network; here the altitude of the points is determined (normal height H)
• gravimetric network; here the gravity of acceleration (g) is determined.

Points of the state Geodetic network of 0. order are important part of the state spatial coordinate system. They connect its horizontal and vertical component. On each of this points the station GNNS (satellite system for global positioning) was erected. This station continuously receives data from satellite systems for positioning, this data are then sent to control center in Ljubljana. Data is used for precise calculation of the position of these points in joint European coordinates system (ETRS89). Accuracy of this system is to millimetres. This precise measurement on these points of this network allows the monitoring of geodynamical movements (working of tectonics) and changes in allocation of earth’s masses.

With the help of these points the user network is being controlled for determination of the position with satellite technology, named SIGNAL (Slovenia – navigation – location). The network is combined of 16 permanent GNSS stations, which are sorted around entire Slovenia. Network SIGNAL is used for determining of coordinates of all the Geodetical and other spatial data in European coordinate system with GNSS instruments. Usually this Geodetical coordinates are converted into planar coordinates, which allows the making of maps and plans in state planar coordinate system in so-called transverse Mercator projection (UTM). All state coordinates are based on these points of the combined Geodetical network of 0. order.

The point is represented by the pillar with height of approximately 2 meters, standing on foundation slab, which is connected with hard basis and covered with dirt. On this foundation slab are directly stabilized four more points at the slope of the pillar, including the reference height point (benchmark) and levelling measurement together with the measurement of gravity acceleration. They serve for installation of geodetical instruments along classical execution of terrestrial, levelling and gravimetric measurements. On the top of the pillar is GNSS antenna, which accepts satellite signals. Parent reference point is located in the axis of the pillar, within it are in the locker installed measurement instruments. Foundation slab and the pillar form integral reinforced concrete structure, to ensure the stability of the point. Installed equipment serves for accepting the satellite signals with data of the satellite systems GPS (USA system), GLONASS (Russian federation system) and Galileo (European Union system).

On outer part are stabilized additional three more points, distance between them is 30 – 40 meters, and are part of protected micro network, which forms a square shape. These points are stable and installed in covered concrete shafts. They are used for verification of pillar stability.

The network of the state Geodetical points of 0. order is the physical milestone for building of the backbone of the state coordinate system.

State Geodetic network of 0. order was established in the frame of the project Updating of spatial data infrastructure for reduction of risk and flood implications and its sub-project Geodetic reference system. Project was conducted by Ministry of the environment and spatial planning, The surveying and mapping authority of the republic of Slovenia, and partners Geodetic administration of Norway and Geodetic administration of Island.

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Korada
Korada is an elevation, which name is derived from the word korajduc, old Slovenian name for limestone. From the top it offers an excellent view on hills above river Soča, Gorica plane, in the back also Adriatic sea. We can also see the mountains Triglav, Jalovec, Krn, Kanin, Matajur. [_Read more_]